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The Architecture of Provence includes a rich collection of monuments from the Roman Empire; Cistercian monasteries from the Romanesque Period, medieval palaces and churches; fortifications from the time of Louis XIV, as well as numerous hilltop villages and fine churches. Provence was a very poor region after the 18th century, but in the 20th century it had an economic revival and became the site of one of the most influential buildings of the 20th century, the Unité d'Habitation of the architect Le Corbusier in Marseille. Provence in the southeast corner of France, is generally defined as the French Departments of Var, Bouches-du-Rhône, Vaucluse, and part of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Alpes-Maritimes. The original ''comté'' de Provence extended from the west bank of the Rhone River to the east bank of the Var river, bordering the ''comté'' of Nice. Provence culturally and historically extended further west of the Gard to Nîmes and to the Vidourle river. == Prehistoric and ancient sites in Provence (27,000 BC to the 2nd century BC) == Remains of a prehistoric settlement dating to between 27,000 and 19,000 BC were found by divers in 1991 at the Cosquer Cave, an underwater cave in a calanque on the coast near Marseille.〔Clottes, J., Beltrán, A., Courtin, J. et Cosquer, H. (1992) - «La Grotte Cosquer (Cap Morgiou, Marseille)», Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française, t. 89, 4, pp. 98-128.〕 A neolithic site dating to about 6000 BC. was discovered in Marseille near the current Saint Charles railway station, which has remains of walls made of baked clay with holes for posts, as well as tools. Marseille was founded in about 546 BC by Greek colonists coming from the city of Phocaea (now Foça, in modern Turkey) on the Aegean coast of Asia Minor, who were fleeing an invasion by the Persians. They called their settlement Massalia. Traces of the original settlement have been found on the west side of the butte Saint-Laurent in Marseille. The original settlement extended to the east toward the butte des Moulins and finally the butte des Carmes, covering about fifty hectares. The size of the original settlement were not exceeded until the 17th century. Remains of the ancient Phocaean fortifications of Massalia dating to the end of the 7th century BC can be seen in the Jardin des Vestiges and on the butte des Carmes. In the 2nd century BC the entire system of fortifications were rebuilt in pink limestone. Parts of the ramparts can still be seen in the Jardin des Vestiges.〔Treziny, ''Les fortifications de Marseille dans l'Antiquité''. ''In'' M. Bouiron, H. Tréziny éd., ''Marseille. Trames et paysages urbains de Gyptis au Roi René''. Actes du colloque international d'archéologie. Marseille, 3-5 novembre 1999. Marseille, Edisud, 2001 (Études Massaliètes, 7), pp. 45-57.〕 According to the historian Strabo and other ancient sources, the city of Massalia had temples to Apollo and Artemis, but no trace of them remains. The only remaining structure from ancient Massalia are the cellars of Saint-Sauveur, near the Place de Lenche in Marseille. They probably served as either a granary or an arsenal.〔(H. Tréziny, ''Les caves Saint-Sauveur et les forums de Marseille''. ''In'' M. Bouiron, H. Tréziny éd., ''Marseille. Trames et paysages urbains de Gyptis au Roi René''. Actes du colloque international d'archéologie. Marseille, 3-5 novembre 1999. Marseille, Édisud, 2001 (Études massaliètes, 7), p. 213-223.〕 The Phocaeans,also established colonies at Nice, Arles, Cannes and south of Nîmes. Later the region was also inhabited by Celts, who were also known as the Liguress or ''Celto-Ligurians''. who built oppida, or forts. Little trace remains of their architecture.〔Dominique Garcia, La Celtique méditerranéenne. Paris, Errance, 2004, 206 p.)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Architecture of Provence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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